Equality in land inheritance and land use in Vietnam is guaranteed by land policies of the State. However, many studies showed that women's status remained lower than men's in respect of access to and cotroll over land under adverse impacts of current institutions, practices and shortcomings of the land policies. A case study was conducted in Mat village, Van Mieu commune, Thanh Son district, Phu Tho province in application of qualitative method such as in-depth interviews, group discussion and observation together with a survey using questionnaires for 30 per cent of the total local households. Research results pointed to the fact that constraints of women's right to land inheritance and land use are due to the traditional patriarchalism. Besides, women are also restricted by unpredicted shortcomings that emerge in local implementations of the land policies. Yet, there is no denying the fact that women have got opportunities to improve their status as a result of interaction between the 1993 land transfer policy and establishment of some local institutions. Reality in Mat village suggested that, as heading to equality in land inheritance and land use, policy admministrators and makers should take into account the interaction between State's policies and local practices.