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About some Schizostachyum species newly discovered in Vietnam

Six Schizostachyum species have been recently discovered and their samples have been first collected from different areas of Vietnam. Although they have not flowers but based on size and morphology of culm, leaf, internode and culm sheath, they all have typical and different characteristics, they can be distinguished and make them to be different species in Schizostachyum genus. These six species are the species newly identified in Vietnam.

Effect of biofertilizer on the yield of sugarcane at Hoa Binh and Son Duong Sugar Company

To determine the optimal dose of biofertilizer (BF) on the growth and yield of sugarcane, two experiments was conducted at the material area of Hoa Binh and Son Duong Sugar Companies in 2003. The data obtained from analysing the. nutrients in the plant material show that application of Fitohoocmon Biofertilizer favours macronutrient absorption as the dose increases. Soil health improved as the same. In both area, the level of 3 tons/ha has produced the highest yield following 2,5 and tons/ha, respectively. Moreever, some industrial index such as CCS, Bx, Pol was enhanced. According to us, the level of 3 tons/ha is suitable for growing of Sugarcane and it should be applied widely in these regions.

Forest management and protection at Tam Dao National Park

At present time, Tam Dao National Park has responsibility for management of 34.995 ha of forests. Biological resource here is very abundant and diverse. There are many endemic species, rare, precious and of highly scientic value. For conserving and developing this resource Tam Dao National Park has to apply several special measures.

Influence of artichoke's solution on absorption and distribution of enrofloxacin in chicken's blood plasma

Enrofloxacin was given to chickens by p.o. or i.m. 15mg/kgP. The artichoke's solution 10% 2ml/kgP was also given to these chickens to understand it's influence on absorption and distribution of antibiotic in the experimental chickens' blood. The results showed that: high concentration of Enrofloxacin was found in blood plasma of chickens (having or not having artichoke) at 30 minutes of administration. The minimum inhibit bacteria concentration of Enrofloxacin maintain in blood plasma of experimental chickens during 24h of administration. The antibiotic was not found in chickens' blood having artichoke after 48h and after 72h of administration in these not having artichoke.

Lesson learned on water supply and sanitation in China

Water supply and sanitation issue bad been raised in Cbina since 1980. Tbrougb out some 5-year plans, China has gained many successes. Tbe article shows experiences on following issues: Water Supply; Water Quality Management, Rural Sanitation and the coordination and institutional arrangement among sectors and mobilization of media campaigns. It is showed that the success was based on corresponding strategy and planning with the conditions and people customs and frequencies, the media campaign sbould keep continuously and widely by cooperation ,among the lime ministries, governmental levels and social organizations such as youth and women association. The community participatory is considered asa key for success and sustainable development.

Occurrence and progression of witches' broom pest on longan in Vietnam

Witches' broom was first recorded in North Vietnam in 1990s. In the South, it has not been reported until to 2003. During 2003-2005, an outbreak has been recorded in the South. This investigation was conducted to gather the outbreak's occurrence and progression. This outbreak has resulted in severe damage to some longan producing areas of Dong Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau, and neighboring areas of the Southeastern region. The percentage of infected trees in many orchards was up to 100% and yield loss up to 100% can occur in the following season. In districts of Tan Phu and Dinh Quan (Dong Nai), infected producing area was up to 75% in 2005. Witches' broom has been recorded on cultivars of Tieu da bo, Tieu la bau and Super. It has not been recorded on Xuong cultivar group yet and this group seems to be tolerant to the disease. The higher incidence occurred in old trees and in poorly-managed orchards as compared to the young trees and well-managed orchards. The incidence in the Southeastern region (37.3%) which is upland is higher than those in the Mekong Delta (1,1) which is lowland. The tolerance is probably a promising tool in a IPM strategy.

Orientation for water supply and sanitation program in rural areas in the period 2006 - 2010, objectives and solutions

In the period 2006 - 2010, as presented in the paper priority activities need to be implemented to encourage communities' contribution to the water supply and sanitation programmes are as following: (+) Promote education training and communication campaign for people's higher awareness in water utilization and sanitation; (+) Mobilizing more funds, about 22.600 billion VND, from different sources; (+) Improve water supply technology, water quality and sanitation; (+) Improve management mechanism of program implementation; (+) Hunan capacity building.

Preliminary results of Cashew seed selection at Quang Tri province

The Agricultural Research Center of the Coastal South chose 20 Cashew strains among 400 strains grown in main cashew - grouing areas nationvicde. The chosen cashew strains were grown in Quang Tri in 2002 and after 31 months, these strains well. Firslly 2 highly productive strains adapting to the climate were chosen: - DDH54-117: Boming branch rate 79,2%, the hermaphrodite flower 17,6%, the young fruit of a bunch 4,4, the effetive branch 62,2%, the theoretical productivity 640 kg/ha, the real income 376 kg/ha; - DDH211- 319: Boming branch rate 90,0%, the hermaphrodite flower 17,0%, the young fruit of a bunch 5,0 the effective branch 67,8%, the theoretical productivity 640 kg/ha, the real income 350 kg/ha.

Rehabilitation and development of biodiversity in Can Gio mangrove forest (Ho Chi Minh city)

Can gio mangrove forest ecosystem was seriously destructed in the war. "It takes at least 100 years for restoration of this ecosystem!", many scientists had such comment. Moreover, Can Gio is very poor countryside. Nobody can believe that for only 20 years, since 1978, the large area of mangrove forest, 30.064 ha, has been completely rehabilitated. At present time biodiversity of this ecosystem became as abundant as it was before the war. The work was awarded Ho Chi Minh Prize in 2005.

Relation between the diversity of habitus of flora and physical - chemical properties of soil in the diffrent vegetation covers at Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province

The article points out active role of forest vegetation in protection of soil from degradation process (The soils with high degree of cover have better physical - chemical properties than the soil with low degree of cover). The result of a study on flora and the impacts of human intervention on the succession of vegetation of Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province were repoted. On the basic of data, the author come clusion that, there are a relation between the physical - chemical properties of soil and habitus of flora.

Research findings on growth potential, meat productivity and reproductive capacity of the Ri chicken raised in the semi-intensive mode of production

The living ratio unti1 l24 weeks old of Ri chicken was fairly high at the number of 95,85%. The 24-week old weigh or Ri males and females had been reached 2231 g and 1792 g relatively. The quantity of feed intake for conveying into the meat product were 4,5 kg/kg gain weigh in males and 5,18 kg in females. The body ratio (conchohynch rate) at 21 weeks old of Ri males was 72,72% and females was 66,61 %. Ri chicken has been fairly sweet and very delicious. The hen's 5%-reproductive age was 114 days. Egg productivity for first 6 months was 71 eggs/hen with the reproductive rate was 39,43%. The average weigh of eggs at the age 45 weeks was 43,33g. The ratio of embryonal egg was 93,42% and of hatching egg/embryonals was 90.5l. Proposal: Raising the Ri chicken by semi-intensive production mode should be applied in order to exploit not only its maximum productive potential, but also conserve its self-feeding characteristics and maitain its delicious meat quality, especially in locations possible for applying the coop-pond-garden ecological sysem production.

Results of study for setting up technical process for producing hybrid seed of two-line hybrid combination TH3-3

The process of producing F1 hybrid seed of two-line hybrid combination TH3-3 was developed successfully in the Northern in Summer season and Middle Southern in Spring season. In Northern, this process was applied such as: the date of sowing of male sterile (S) line should be started at 15-25th June; R line should be sowed 2 times, the first time to sow R line is 6-8 days later of sowing of S line, and the second is sowing after that 4-5 days. In Spring season at Quang Nam province date of sowing R line should be started first of all at 20-25th January, after that 15-16 days (5-1oth February) to directly sow S line. To transplanted R line when the seedling ofSline have.3-4 leaves, the ratio of the R: S lines is 2R:16S, spacing of the S lines is 15 cm x 12 cm to 15 cm x 14 cm, spraying GA3 when the S line has 20-25% and the R line has 1O-15% penicles heading, with 80-100 gram soluting in 600 liter H2O/ha. Use this process, the yield of the seed production reach averange 2-3 ton per hertare.

Role of grassroot people's credit fund in rural household economy development

The paper aims at identifying the current situation of grassroot people's credit fund in Vietnam and discussing its roles in rural household economy development. As of now, 909 rural credit funds have been established in 53/64 provinces with a participation of 998,,000 members who are mostly rural households. This fund has crucial roles in rural development in genera1 and household economy improvement in particular such as efficient mobilization of capital in rural areas, better meeting the demand for credit of rural households and creating more job opportunities, increasing rural income, contributing to proverty reduction and reducing farmers' dependence on high interest rate informal credits.

Screening of promising rice lines for resistance to major diseases and pests

Twenty-four promising rice lines developed by Food Crops Research Institute were evaluated for their resistance to major diseases and pests under artificial conditions during 2001-2004. Research result indicated that: Fourteen rice lines are lightly resistant to rice blast (P3, P7, P1, P4, P5, P6, P8, P29O, P457, P22, P68, P376, P540 and 04L4); Lines (P2 and 04L1) are quile resistant to brown plant hopper, but all of them are susceptible to bacterial blight.

Selection phytase - producing Bacillus subtilis strains for production feed enzyme

Phytase is an important enzyme that has found primarily in microorganisms and plants. This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphate from phytic acid to lower inositol phosphates, myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate. Phytase was supplemented in dietary to reduce phosphorus excretion of aniimal to environment and to improve the bioavailability of phosphorus in animal digestion.In this paper we carried out isolation of microorganism from some soil samples near chicken-farm and soil samples in Vietnam. We isolated and identificated 27 strains having phytase producing ability from 176 soil and 50 chicken feces samples collected from many provinces in the North of Vietnam, in which there were 7 isolates having high phytase activity. We detelmined and classified 7 mentioned isolates according to the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. B1 isolate with a high phytase activity was selected for enzyme feed production.

Some thinking about planting Acacia mangium and Acacia hybrid

The paper is dealing with an inquiry of quality of acacia plantations in the country. Some remarks have been pointed out, especially on the negative aspects of acacia plantations.

Studied on rapid multiplication of some chrysanthemum varieties (Chrysanthemum sp.) in vitro in Thanh Hoa

The experiments were carried out on a some chrysanthemum varieties (S7, S26, S6). The purpose of these experiments is to find out optimal condition for rapid multiplication of the introduced flower varieties. The results of the studied are as follows: - The optimal method for sterilization of plant material is 10 min in 0,1 % HgCl2 (S7, S6), 15 min in 0,1 % HgCl2 (S26); - The suitable culture for multiplication of some chrysanthemum varieties S7, S4, S26 is: MS + 0,5mg/l BA; MS + 0,7mg/l K; MS + O,5mg/l K; - The plantlets grew well on the burned rice husk.

Studies on affects of soil application of PBZ to growth and development of mango GL6 grown in the North of Viet Nam

Post-harvest pruning and weak shoot thinning techniques promote the growth of Autumn shoots left on the pruned branches. Soil application of PBZ on mango GL6 applied above techniques improves percentage of flowering shoots. The treatments with 1-1,5g ai/m canopy diameter at the beginning of November present excellent results. The yield of those treatments is 21,83-22,07 kg/tree, about 17,5 ton/ha .

Study and application of protection film to minimize the loss in cabbage storage

Physiological and chemical characteristics and optimal controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions of cabbage was studies. The results showed that the appropriate gas contents of cabbage storage were 8,14%02 and 5,63%CO2. The interrelation between cabbage respiration rate and film gas permeability in optimal storage conditions proved that LDPE film of30#m thickness can extend the storage self-life of cabbage for 15 days at 20oC.

Study and production of tabac seeds

Nowadays, the pelleled tobacco seed has bbeen applied in transplant production in the worldwide. In the USA tobacco grown from the pelleted seeds now accounts for 100 % of total tobacco acreage. In the China, the pelleted tobacco seeds are being using approximately 50 % of the total tobacco seed demands. The pelleting tobacco seeds have some major advantages as follow: 1. Faciliting to the seeding by the hands or to the mechanical seeding; 2. A pelleted seed can be more accurately placed in the soil orofile or only one cell of the seedling tray. The research for producing pelleted tobacco seed bas been started at the Tobacco Economic Technical Institute in 2004. The research results indicated the proper component of the coat layer pelletting tobacco seed. The research group also perfected a procedure of pelleting tobacco seed. Tbe experimental pelleted tobacco seeds have been qualified it's usable charaderistics, which gave the desired results.

Study on distribution of some main fly species eating into vegetable fruits at Tien Giang province

At Tien Giang province, 13 fly species have been listed. Among them there are 6 species belonging to Bactocera genus. Especially dangerous fly species are Bactroceral dorsales and Batrocera conrrector causing serious damage to vegetable fruits in May, June, July and Bactrocera cucurbitae in June, July, September and October.

Study on effects of water supply and straw mulching on growth and yield of soybean

Two experiments on the effects of water supply and muching on the growth and yield of soybean were conducted at the experimental farm of the Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute and farmer fields at Phuoc Thoi ward, 0 mon district, Can Tho province during day seasons of 2003-2004. Results revealed that treatment M1, water supply with two times at 15 and 25 day after sowing (DAS) does not meet the requirenment of soybean resulting in low yield at the level of 1,44 t/ha. The other treatment of M2 (watering four times at 15, 25, 35 and 45 DAS) ha the yield of 1,69t/ha, increasing 17.4% as compared to that treatment. Soybean yield under M3 (watering six times at 15, 25, 35, 55 and 65 DAS) and M4 (watermg as farmer tradition of 5 day interval) are 1.99 and 1.95 t/ha respectively. The corresponding increased percentage are 38.2% and 35.4 % as compared to that of the treatmnent Ml. Regarding the mulching the rate of rice straw covering of 5 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha caused yield increasement of 49.3 % and 30 % as compared to uncoverd check. The soybean yields under treatment S3 (5 trice straw/ha mulching) and S2(2.5 trice straw/ha) are 2.09 t/ha and 1.82 t/ha as compared to 1.40 t/ha of unmulchmg treatment.

Study on genetic diversity in rice bean (Vigna umbellata) collection

Study on the genetic diversity in indigenous rice bean collection of Vietnam was conducted. Overall 79 cultivars held in rice bean collection, have been characterized and evaluated using 39 agro-morphological descriptors. The high diversity was found between accessions in the collection and 24 distinct groups were identified by similarity coefficient 0.36. The varieties collected from the South were dearly different with that collected from the North. There are significant differences in the diversity values among characteristics and the different regions. Phenotyphic diversity was found to be highest in Notheast with Shannon - Weaver index H = 0,3636, next are Southern coastal (H'= 0,3141). These regions should be used for in situ conservation site study of rice bean germplasm. A wide variation of rice bean cultivars within the collection indicates that rice bean germplasm could be utilized further for variety improvement through breeding programs and 5 promising cultivars should be tested in production.

Study on impacts of some evironmental factors (Soil, rainfall) on yield and quality of Cassava clones

Some conclusions have been drawn as following: For the sites, where annual rainfall is low it is better to choose the soil with high clay content to plant cassava. Among the studied cassava clones, KM94, KM 104-4, KM 21 - 12, KM 21 - 10 are suitable to the soil with high clay content. The remaining clones are suitable to sandy soils.

Study on modified technology of wood from Acacia mangium species with epoxy resin

The paper presented the results of fhe study on acacia wood modified with epoxy adhesive. Modified wood has physical, mechanical properties as well as biological durability better than natural wood.

Study the economy of intensive vegetables cultivation demonstration in Bang B, Hoang Liet precinct, Hoang Mai urban district, Hanoi

This study was carried out within the framework of the Rurbifarm (ICA-4-CF-2002-10021) EU granted project by National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers team. The result of study show that: 1. In Bang B, agricultural production in general and vegetable production in particular act most important role in the country life, about 80% household agricultural production (occupying 84 % in gross value output of household); 2. Cultivated system in Bang B hamlet consists of rice and vegetable. Water vegetables act most important role in household economy, vegetable occupying 66 % in gross value output per household and water vegetable occupying 88% in gross value output vegetable. Expenditure for fertilizer and pesticide is not much but water vegetables have water need very high. The farmers have been using waste water in Kim Nguu river or irrigate plants is effect because it contents much of nutrients but it contents much of heavy metals and toxins. In long time, it leads to passive effects for soil environment and quality of vegetable; 3. Income balance per household is positive number, accumulation mean per household per month is 0.4 million VND, showed that farmer households have a high income and life is stable 4. Total income per year per household is high: for cultivation about 17.6 million VND, for vegetables about 16.3 million VND and per area unit about 135.6 million VND. Therefore in future must maintain and develop water vegetables in Bang B.

The community facilitators in rural development: The case study of Ha Tinh rural development project

In recent years, the community facilitators (CFs) have an important role in rural development projects in Vietnam. Ha Tinh Rural Development Project (HRDp) was the one of first projects in the country to use the CFs model for project implementation. This study was to (i) identify roles/ responsibilities/ and duties of the Community Facilitators in the case of HRDp; (ii) examine effectiveness of their actions through the communities' assessment and (iii) propose recommendations for improvement the CFs roles in the rural development process.

The experimental results on flushing tunnel for constructive flood flow in Cua Dat project

The experimental results getting from physical hydraulic model on flushing tunnel for constructive flood flow in Cua Dat project show that flushing discharge capacity through tunnel was satisfied. Flow velocity determined in downstream of structure in flooding discharge period through tunnel is large (approximate 28 m/s). This is required to strengthen of resistance of the construction pavement to protect the land subsidence end bank sliding. Otber technical items being tested in physical hydraulic model shall be presented in different paper individually.

The growth of H'Mong black color chicken keeping at household in Thai Nguyen

H'Mong chicken is local breed belong to mountainous province, such as Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Nghe An, it is closed with H'Mong nation. This is precious, good quality chicken breed, especially if meat to be being medicine food due to reducing blood lipid increasing men' function. H'Mong chicken were kept in semi-intensive system at 3 households at Quyet Thong commune, Thai Nguyen city, till 12 weeks of age. The results as below: Survival rate 95.84%; Live body weight: 1206.93 grs; Average day gain: 13.95 grs/qird/day; Feed conversion ratio: 3.54; Performance index: 37.89. H'Mong chicken is suited to raise in semi-intensive system at household in Thai Nguyen.

The mitigative proposals of water sources pollution for aquacultural development at Bac Lieu province

The vast increase of aquaculture areas in the period of 2001-2005 in Bac Lieu province had severely caused surface water pollution and caused the shrimp death in the large scale which have affected to the farmers benifit. Studies and proposals of the procedures to mitigate the water source pollution at the coastal areas in Bac Lieu province is very necessary for sustainable economic development and water sources protection. The author has proposed some of the main procedures in order to mitigate the pollution of surface water for aquacultural development in the North and South of the 1A boulevard of Bac Lieu province.

Utilization of available food source for fattening HF bulls unusable for breeding

Feeding a complex food prepared from available local products (cassava starch + maize + residue of molasses (25% of dried suff) + Straw fermented in the presence of 4% urea) to the bull of 12 months of age could make an increase of 718 - 879 g/day in weight. Consumption of food: 8,54 - 8,68 kg/1kg added. Interest rate: 548.230 - 559.436 VND/animal for 3 months.

Water sources and irrigation serving for agricultural production in Winter - Spring 2005 - 2006 in the Nothern provinces